(Download) "Nitric Oxide Determinations: Much Ado About N[O.Sup.*]-Thing?(Editorial)" by Clinical Chemistry ~ eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
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eBook details
- Title: Nitric Oxide Determinations: Much Ado About N[O.Sup.*]-Thing?(Editorial)
- Author : Clinical Chemistry
- Release Date : January 01, 1997
- Genre: Chemistry,Books,Science & Nature,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 180 KB
Description
The nitric oxide radical (N[O.sup.*]) is an important mediator of both physiological and pathophysiological processes. N[O.sup.*] is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS; EC 1.14.13.39), an enzyme that exists in three isoforms encoded by distinct genes [1, 2]. All isoforms of NOS catalyze the conversion of L-arginine into citrulline and N[O.sup.*]. In this reaction, which requires oxygen and NADPH, a guanidino-nitrogen atom of L-arginine is incorporated into N[O.sup.*]. Neuronal NOS (type I, nNOS) and endothelial (type III, eNOS) are [Ca.sup.2+]--and calmodulin-dependent constitutive NOS isoforms. nNOS has a function in neurotransmission. N[O.sup.*] produced by eNOS is identical to endothelium-derived relaxing factor and is the principal signal for relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, N[O.sup.*] produced by the endothelium has antithrombotic actions. Thus, eNOS and nNOS isoforms have important functions under normal conditions. They are present intracellularly, are rapidly activated by intracellular [Ca.sup.2+] fluxes, and produce small quantities of N[O.sup.*]. Inducible NOS (iNOS, type II) is not expressed under normal conditions.
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